Earthquake prediction with GSI sensor technology
The European research project artEmis is attempting to deliver earthquake prediction with GSI sensor technology
The question is; can nuclear physics improve the prediction of earthquakes?
That is the goal of the European research project artEmis, in which the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung is participating together with twelve other institutes.
Within the framework of artEmis, which is supported by an EU grant (Euratom) of €2m (~£1.75m) until 2027, the foundation for a reliable early warning system for earthquakes is to be laid.
A network of sensors measuring radon levels and other parameters in selected water sources in Europe might be able to detect earthquakes several days in advance.
See also: Scientists have new tool to ‘predict’ earthquakes
Sensor units
Since the 1960s, earthquakes have been predicted by measuring radon gas, which leaks from microcracks in the bedrock due to movements in the Earth’s crust.
Project lead Dr Ayse Ataç Nyberg, professor at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden, said: “But it has become increasingly clear that the radon level measured in the air or soil can be influenced by temperature fluctuations and air humidity, so instead we’re measuring the values in the groundwater.”
GSI plays a key role in the project in terms of realising the sensing and analytics. Building on particle and radiation detectors, signal processing electronics and data processing systems used for nuclear physics experiments at GSI facilities, the participating GSI research group is developing the sensor units for artEmis.
In addition to radon detectors, the units will include sensors for temperature, pressure, conductivity and other physical parameters.
By using artificial intelligence (AI) methods, which also result from basic research at GSI, the sensor units can be operated autonomously.
Advanced analysis
GSI scientist Dr Jürgen Gerl, who is responsible for the sensor units in the artEmis project with his team, said: “We are pleased to make an important contribution to the practical realisation of an early warning system for earthquakes by applying detection systems and methods from our basic research.”
As a first step, measurements will be carried out on fault lines in Greece, Italy and Switzerland.
Through research stations in these countries, the team has access to groundwater sources where sensor units can be placed.
Hundreds of such units, distributed across the earthquake-prone areas, each form a network. Advanced analysis of the network data is performed using machine learning and AI.
The goal here is to clearly link changes in local radon concentration to seismic activity and rule out other causes (false alarms).
Image: The map outlines the risk for earthquakes in Europe. © Artemis Project, http://www.artemisproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/EQ_RISK_Map_Legend_only.png?id=1991. (CC BY).
