Research from Sweden has highlighted the environmental credentials of biocide-free silicone-based paint when compared with copper-based antifouling paint
Emissions from copper-based antifouling paints are a well-known environmental problem. As much as 40% of copper inputs to the Baltic Sea come from antifouling paints on ships and leisure boats.
According to a new study from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, this is completely unnecessary. When the researchers compared copper-based antifouling paint with biocide-free silicone-based alternatives, they found that the latter was best at keeping the pollution at bay.
Maria Lagerström, a researcher in marine environmental science at Chalmers, said: “This means that we now have a great opportunity to drastically reduce the release of the heavy metal into our sensitive sea. This is the first independent scientific study to show that silicone paint is more effective than copper-based paint in the Baltic Sea region.”
Together with colleagues at the University of Gothenburg, the Swedish Environmental Institute IVL and Chalmers, Lagerström investigated whether biocide-free silicone paints on the hulls of ships and leisure boats are a viable alternative to copper-based versions to combat fouling. The study was carried out over a year at three sites in the Baltic Sea region and the Skagerrak.
The use of copper in antifouling paints is a known and widespread environmental problem for aquatic plants and organisms in the Baltic Sea. The heavy metal does not degrade in the environment, and it is therefore common for water, sediment and soil in marinas, ports and shipyards to be contaminated with pollution and exceed environmental guideline values for copper.
Lagerström said: “As the Baltic Sea is an inland sea, it takes 25 – 30 years for the water to be exchanged. This means that the heavy metal remains for a very long time. It is therefore important to be aware of the substances we release.”
highly traditional
Despite the negative impact of heavy metals on the marine environment, the antifouling market for ships and recreational boats is completely dominated by copper-based paints. The market share of silicone-based varieties for the shipping sector was 1% in 2009 and increased to 10% in 2014.
For the recreational boating sector, the proportion of boats painted with silicone paint is estimated to be significantly lower. And although there are more environmentally friendly options on the market, change seems to be hard to bring about.
Lagerström added: “Both the shipbuilding industry and the leisure boating sector have one thing in common; they are highly traditional. People like to use the products they are used to, and they are also sceptical as to whether non-toxic alternative solutions really work.”
Although the study of the different antifouling paints was completed after 12 months, the results were found to persist over time.
Lagerström said: “We actually left our test panels at one of the test sites. These have now been under the surface for over two years. We can see that the silicone paint still works well and, more importantly, works better than the copper paint.”
The research is published in Marine Pollution Bulletin.
Image: A Chalmers-led study shows that an environmentally friendly antifouling paint is more effective against fouling than a traditional copper-based paint. The black surfaces are coated with biocide-free silicone-based paint, the red surfaces are coated with copper-based paint and the white surfaces have no antifouling treatment. The picture was taken after two years of exposure in the sea. © IVL/ Anna-Lisa Wrange.
