With wings spanning nearly 16 feet, a new species of pterosaurs has been identified from the Atlantic coast of Angola
An international team, including two vertebrate palaeontologists from Southern Methodist University (SMU), named the new genus and species Epapatelo otyikokolo. This flying reptile of the dinosaur age was found in the same region of Angola as fossils from large marine animals currently on display at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History.
Pterosaur fossils that date back to the Late Cretaceous are extremely rare in sub-Saharan Africa.
Michael J Polcyn, research associate in the Huffington Department of Earth Sciences and senior research fellow, ISEM at SMU, said: “This new discovery gives us a much better understanding of the ecological role of the creatures that were flying above the waves of Bentiaba, on the west coast of Africa, approximately 71.5 million years ago.”
Renowned palaeontologist Louis L Jacobs, SMU professor emeritus of earth sciences and president of ISEM, an interdisciplinary institute at the university, also collaborated on the research.
Epapatelo otyikokolo is believed to have been a fish-eating pterosaur that behaved similarly to large modern-day seabirds.
Jacobs said: “They likely spent time flying above open-water environments and diving to feed, like gannets and brown pelicans do today. Epapatelo otyikokolo was not a small animal, and its wingspan was approximately 4.8 m, or nearly 16 feet.”
See also: Tiny Triassic fossil reptile is close relative of pterosaurs
pterosaur species
But fossils discovered since the study suggest that some of the newly identified pterosaur species could have been even larger creatures, Polcyn said. Pterosaurs were impressive creatures, with some of the largest species having wingspans of nearly 35 feet.
The genus name ‘Epapatelo’ is the translation of the word from the Angolan Nhaneca dialect meaning ‘wing’, and the species name ‘otyikokolo’ is the translation of ‘lizard.’ The Nhaneca or Nyaneka people are an Indigenous group from Angola’s Namibe Province, the region where the fossils were found.
Jacobs and Polcyn forged the Projecto PaleoAngola partnership with collaborators in Angola, Portugal, and the Netherlands to explore and excavate Angola’s rich fossil history, and began laying the groundwork for returning the fossils to the West African nation. Back in Dallas, Jacobs, Polcyn, and research associate Diana Vineyard went to work over a period of 13 years with a small army of SMU students to prepare the fossils excavated by Projecto PaleoAngola.
This international team discovered and collected the fourteen bones from Epapatelo otyikokolo in Bentiaba, Angola, starting in 2005. Bentiaba is located on a section of Angola coastline that Jacobs has called a “museum in the ground” because so many fossils have been found in the rocks there.
Many of those fossils are currently on display at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History Sea Monsters Unearthed exhibit, which was co-produced with SMU. It features large marine reptiles from the Cretaceous Period — mosasaurs, turtles, and plesiosaurs.
The findings are published in the journal Diversity.
Image: SMU palaeontologists helped find a new species of pterosaurs in Angola, where fossils of other large marine animals have been found. E. otyikokolo can be seen flying above the ocean in the ancient picture. © Karen Carr Studio.
